Constants and Variables
Constants and variables associate a name (such as maximumNumberOfLoginAttempts or welcomeMessage) with a value of a particular type (such as the number 10 or the string "Hello").
Declaration
The value of a constant cannot be changed once it is set, whereas a variable can be set to a different value in the future.
Constants
Use the let keyword to declare constants:
let maximumNumberOfLoginAttempts = 10
Variables
Use the var keyword to declare variables:
var currentLoginAttempt = 0
Type Annotations
You can provide a type annotation when you declare a constant or variable, to be clear about the kind of values the constant or variable can store.
var welcomeMessage: String
welcomeMessage = "Hello"
Note: In practice, you rarely need to write type annotations. If you provide an initial value for a constant or variable at the point that you define it, Swift can almost always infer the type to be used for that constant or variable.